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References

References

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2)     Nygren JO, Thorell A, Soop M, Efendic S, Brismar K, Krpe F, et al. Perioperative insulin and glucose infusion maintaines normal insulin sensitivity after surgery.

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9)     Woolfson AM, Heatley RV, Alison SP. Insulin to inhibit protein catabolism after injury. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 14-7

10)   Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A. Insulin resistance and elective surgery. Surgery 2000; 128: 757-60

11)   Henriksen MG, Hessov I, Dela F, Vind Hansen H, Haraldsted V, Rodt SA. Effects of preoperative endocrine response, mobilization, nutrition and muscle function in abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47: 191-9

12)   Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, Hellstrom PM, Hammarqvist F, Almstrom C, et al. A carbohydrate –rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients. Anaesth Analg 2001; 93: 1344-50

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19)   Gustaffsson UO, Nygren J, Thorell A, et al. Pre-operative carbohydrate loading may be used in type 2 diabetes pateints. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2008; 52: 946-51

20)   Gustaffson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Nygren J. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Archives of Surgery 2001; 146:571-7

21)   Carli F. Physiologic considerations of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs: implications of the stress response. Can J Anaesth 2015; 62:110-9

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23)   Pre-operative Carbohydrate Loading or Hydration: A review of Clinical and Cost- Effectiveness, and Guidelines. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. April 2016

24)   Smith MD, McCall J, Plank L, Herbison GP, Soop M, Nygren J. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enchancing recovery after elective surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;8:CD009161

25)   Li L, Wang Z, Ying X, Tian J, Sun T, Yi K, et al. Preoperative carbohydrate loading for elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2012 Jul;42(7):613-24

26)   Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr. 2013 Feb;32(2):34-44

27)   Bilku DK, Dennison AR, Hall TC, Metcalfe MS, Garcea G. Role of preoperative carbohydrate loading: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2014 Jan;96(1):15-22

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29)   Desborough JP. The stress response to trauma and surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2000;85(1):109-17

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32)   Hausel J, Nygren J, Thorell A, Lagerkranser M, Ljungqvist O. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of oral preoperative carbohydrates on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2005 Apr;92(4):415-21.

33)   Soop M, Nygren J, Myrenfors P, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Apr;280(4):E576-83

34)   Soop M, Nygren J, Thorell A, Weidenhielm L, Lundberg M, Hammarqvist F, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery. Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;23(4):733-41

35)   Furnary AP, Zerr KJ, Grunkemeier GL, Starr A. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal would infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:352-60; Discussion 360-2.

36)   Rassias AJ, Marrin CA, Arruda J, Whalen PK, Each M, Yaeger MP. Insulin infusion improves neutrophil function in diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Anesth Analg 1999; 88:1011-6

37)   Safety of Anaesthesia: A review of anaesthesia-related mortality reporting in Australia and New Zealand 2009-2011

38)   Ljunggren S, Hahn RG, Nystrom T. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function after carbohydrate oral loading in hip replacement surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;33(3):392-8

39)   Sada F, Krasniqui A, Hamza A, Gecaj-Gashi A, Bicaj B, Kavaja F. A randomized trial of preoperative oral carbohydrates in abdominal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014 Mar;14:93

40)   Webster J, Osborne SR, Gill R, Chow CF, Wallin S, Jones L, et al. Does preoperative oral carbohydrate reduce hospital hospital stay? A randomized trial. AORN J. 2014 Feb;99(2):233-42

41) James CF, Modell JH, Gibbs CP, Kuck EJ, Ruiz BC.Pulmonary aspiration - effects of volume and pH in the rat. Anesth Analg. 1984 Jul;63(7):665-8.

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